To Have

"To have" es un verbo auxiliar muy versátil en inglés que se utiliza en una variedad de contextos y formas verbales. Su significado principal se relaciona con la posesión, pero también puede expresar una amplia gama de otros conceptos, como obligación, experiencia pasada, acciones completadas en el pasado y futuras, entre otros.

Form	Example	Description
Present	I have a car.	Used to indicate possession or ownership.
Present	She has two dogs.	Used with he/she/it for possession or ownership.
Present	They have a house.	Used with plural subjects for possession or ownership.
Present	We have a meeting.	Used to indicate an obligation or necessity.
Present	You have to finish.	Used with "to" to indicate obligation or requirement.
Present	I have been to Paris.	Used with past participle to indicate experience.
Past	I had a dream.	Used to indicate past possession or ownership.
Past	She had a cat.	Used with he/she/it for past possession or ownership.
Past	They had a party.	Used with plural subjects for past possession.
Past	We had a good time.	Used to indicate an obligation or necessity in the past.
Past	You had to study.	Used with "to" to indicate obligation in the past.
Past	I had seen it before.	Used with past participle to indicate past experience.
Present Perf.	I have eaten breakfast.	Used to indicate an action completed in the past.
Present Perf.	She has finished her work.	Used with he/she/it for actions completed in the past.
Present Perf.	They have left already.	Used with plural subjects for actions completed in the past.
Present Perf.	We have never been there.	Used with negative to indicate actions not done by now.
Present Perf.	You have seen that movie.	Used to indicate actions completed with present relevance.
Present Perf.	I have been to London.	Used with past participle to indicate past experience.
Future	I will have a meeting.	Used to indicate future possession or obligation.
Future	She will have a new car.	Used with he/she/it for future possession or obligation.
Future	They will have a party.	Used with plural subjects for future possession.
Future	We will have to go.	Used to indicate future obligation or necessity.
Future	You will have to learn.	Used with "to" to indicate future obligation.
Future	I will have finished by then.	Used with "to" to indicate future completion.
Conditional	I would have helped.	Used to indicate a hypothetical situation in the past.
Conditional	She would have come.	Used with he/she/it for hypothetical situations.
Conditional	They would have won.	Used with plural subjects for hypothetical situations.
Conditional	We would have gone.	Used to indicate a hypothetical action in the past.
Conditional	You would have known.	Used with "to" to indicate a hypothetical result.
Conditional	I would have finished by now.	Used with "to" to indicate a hypothetical completion.
Gerund	I enjoy having dinner out.	Used to indicate an action as a subject or object.
Gerund	She avoids having to drive.	Used with "to" to indicate an action as a subject.
Gerund	They are considering having a party.	Used to indicate an action as an object.
Gerund	We discussed having a meeting.	Used to indicate an action in a verb phrase.
Gerund	You can't imagine having to do that.	Used with "to" to indicate an action in an object.
Gerund	I don't mind having seen it.	Used with past participle to indicate an action.

To Have como auxiliar

Sirve para formar los tiempos compuestos cuando acompaña al participio de los verbos.

I have played	He jugado
I had played	Había jugado

Cuando va seguido de un infinitivo, equivale a la expresión española 'tener que'.

I have to go	He jugado
I have to read that book	Tengo que leer ese libro

Diferencia entre have + to + infinitivo y 'must'

'Must' en su sentido de obligación, se usa para dar órdenes o para hacer que alguien o uno mismo cumpla con un cierto compromiso:

You must stop smoking

Tiene que dejar de fumar (Dice el médico)

Cuando se trata de órdenes externas impuestas, (leyes, normas, etc) o dictadas por terceros, es más usual el empleo de 'to have to'

The doctor says I have to stop smoking

El médico dice que tengo que dejar de fumar.

En forma negativa, 'must not' expresa una prohibición. En cambio, 'don't have' to indica que algo no es necesario, es decir, que no existe obligación.

You mustn't listen to other people's conversations.	No debes escuchar las conversaciones de otras personas.
You don't have to listen to the speech if you don't want to.	No tienes que escuchar el discurso si no quieres.

Usos de To Have

Indica posesión.

She has a big house in Ireland

Tiene una gran casa en Irlanda

Tomar (alimentos)

I have breakfast at seven in the morning	Tomo el desayuno a las siete de la mañana
I don't have coffee	Yo no tomo café

Dar (una fiesta, un paseo, una mirada...)

We're having a party next Saturday	Vamos a dar una fiesta el próximo sábado
I usually have a walk on Saturday mornings	Normalmente doy un paseo los sábados por la mañana
Can I have a look at your magazine?	¿Puedo dar un vistazo a su revista?

Se usa habitualmente en modismos (frases hechas). La estructura más frecuente (no la única) es: 'to have' + 'a' + sustantivo

To have a rest	Descansar
To have a swim	Nadar
To have a walk	Pasear

¿HAVE? O ¿HAVE GOT...?

Algunas personas, sobre todo al sur de Inglaterra, suelen añadir 'got' (participio pasado del verbo 'to get', que no tiene traducción en este caso) después de 'have', construyendo la forma negativa e interrogativa como si 'have' fuese un auxiliar.

I've got a new house (en lugar de I have a new house)	Tengo una nueva casa
Have you got a cigarette? No, I haven't (en lugar de Do you have a cigarette? No, I haven't).	¿Tiene vd. un cigarrillo?. No, no lo tengo.

Debemos tener claro que usar solamente 'have' es correcto, pero que el uso de 'got' no siempre es adecuado acompañando a 'have'. Generalmente, el uso de 'got' es más corriente en inglés británico y menos usual en inglés americano.

- Puede usarse 'have got' cuando estamos hablando de que alguien posee una determinada cosa o cuando estamos mencionando una cualidad o característica que alguien o algo tiene.

I've got a new car	Tengo un coche nuevo
He's got a good memory	Tiene buena memoria.

Puede usarse 'have got to' cuando decimos que debemos realizar una determinada acción, o que algo es necesario o debe ocurrir de una determinada manera.

I've got to go. - Do you have to?	Tengo que irme. - ¿De verdad (tienes que irte)?
I'm not happy with the situation, but I've got to accept it	No estoy contento con la situación, pero tengo que aceptarla